Resumen
El artículo examina cómo la paridad de género es un mecanismo viable para proteger la capacidad de transformación que caracteriza a la democracia. Fundamentalmente, se sostiene que un sistema democrático debe ofrecer espacios de deliberación con el fin de debatir las relaciones de género y erradicar las prácticas de dominación. Así, se argumenta que la exclusión y censura de los grupos que cuestionan las prácticas predominantes de género contradice el espíritu de la democracia. Por lo tanto, si las mujeres no encuentran caminos institucionales para expresar sus ideas y materializar sus deseos y creencias, se deben diseñar instituciones democráticas que permitan su mayor inclusión.
Citas
Adkins, L. (2008). From Retroactivation to Futurity:
The End of the Sexual Contract?. NORA- Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 16(3), 182-201. doi:10.1080/08038740802300954
Beer, C. (2009). Democracy and Gender Equality.
Studies in Comparative International Development, 44, 212-227. doi: 10.1007/s12116-009-9043-2
Beitz, C. (1990). Political Equality. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Bohman, J. (1996). Public Deliberation. Cambridge:
MIT Press.
Boucher, J. (2003). Male Power and Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke in Carole Pateman’s ‘The Sexual Contract’. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 36(1), 23-38.
Bryce, J. (1923). Modern Democracies. London: Macmillan & Co.
Cohen, J. (1989). Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy. In: A. Hamlin, & P. Pettit (Eds.), The Good Polity, (pp. 143-151). London: Blackwell.
Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice Toward Female Leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573-598.
Foucault, M. (1979). Discipline and Punishment. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Foucault, M. (1980). The History of Sexuality, vol. 1: An Introduction. London: Penguin.
Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. Critical Inquiry. 8(4), 777-795.
Foucault, M. (1997). Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. In: P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Essential Works of Michel Foucault (pp. 281-302). New York: The New Press.
Fuchs, G., & Hoecker, B. (2004). Without Women merely a Half-Democracy. European Politics. Recuperado de http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/02611.pdf.
Goffman, E. (1977). The Arrangement Between the Sexes. Theory and Society, 4(3), 301-331.
Goodin, R. E. (1966). Inclusion and Exclusion. European Journal of Sociology, 37(2), 343-371. doi: 10.1017/S0003975600007219
Haugaard, M. (2010). Democracy, political power, and authority. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 77(4), 1049-1074.
Haugaard, M. (2012). Power Over and Democracy: the four dimensions of power as a condition of possibility for democracy. Working Paper.
Honneth, A. (1995). The Struggle for Recognition. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Jónasdóttir, A. G. (1988). Does Sex Matter to Democracy?. Scandinavian Political Studies, 4, 299-322.
Keating, C. (2007). Framing the Postcolonial Sexual Contract: Democracy, Fraternalism, and State Authority in India. Hypatia, 22(4), 130-145.
Lemke, T. (2010). Foucault’s Hypothesis: From the Critique of the Juridico-Discursive Concept of Power to an Analytics of Government. Parrhesia, 9, 31-43.
Mansbridge, J. (1980). Beyond Adversary Democracy. New York: Basic Books.
March, J. G., & Olsen J. P. (2005). Elaborating the “New Institutionalism”. Working Paper. Recuperado de http://www.cpp.amu.edu.pl/pdf/olsen2.pdf
Noval, A. J. (2004). Hegemony after deconstruction:
the consequences of undecidability. Journal of Political Ideologies, 9(2), 139-157. doi:10.1080/13569310410001691187
Nussbaum, M. C. (1996). Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism. In: M. Nussbaum (Ed.). For love of Country? (pp. 3-20). Boston: Beacon Press Books.
Nussbaum, M. C. (1997). Capabilities and Human Rights. Fordham Law Review, 66(2), 273-300.
Orwell, G. (1948). 1984. Recuperado de http:// www.planetebook.com/ebooks/1984.pdf.
Osler, A., & Starkey, H. (2005). Changing Citizenship: Democracy and inclusion in education. New York: Open University Press.
Padgug, R. A. (1979). Sexual Matters: On Conceptualizing Sexuality In History. Radical History Review, 1979(20), 3-23. doi:10.1215/01636545-1979-20-3
Parijs, P. M. (1996). Justice and Democracy. Journal of Political Philosophy, 4(2), 101-117.
Pateman, C. (1983). Feminism and Democracy. In: G. Duncan (Ed.), Democratic Theory and Practice (pp. 204-2017). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pateman, C. (1985). Women and Democratic Citizenship. In: The Jefferson Memorial Lectures at the University of California. Berkley. Unpublished manuscript.
Pateman, C. (1988). The Sexual Contract. Stanford:
Stanford University Press.
Patomäki, H. (2008). The Political Economy of Global Security: War, future crises and changes in global governance. New York: Routledge.
Prokhovnik, R. (1998). Public and Private Citizenship: From Gender Invisibility to Feminist Inclusiveness. Feminist Review, 60, 84-104.
Rodríguez-Ruiz, B., & Rubio-Marin, R.M.
(2008). The gender of representation: On democracy, equality, and parity. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 6(2) 287-316. doi: 10.1093/icon/mon007
Rodríguez-Ruiz, B., & Rubio-Marin, R. (2009). Constitutional Justification of Parity Democracy. Alabama Law Review, 60(5), 1171-1195.
Rodríguez-Ruiz, B., & Rubio-Marin, R. (2010). La democracia como democracia paritaria. En: D. Heim, & Encarna Bodelón González (Ed.), Derecho Género Igualdad: Cambios en las Estructuras Jurídicas Androcéntricas (pp. 299-315). Barcelona: Grupo Antígona.
Rubio-Marín, R. (2012). A New European Parity-Democracy Sex Equality Model and why it won’t Fly in the United States. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 60(1), 99-126.
Schemiel, Y. (2000). Democracy Before Democracy?.
International Political Science Review, 21(2), 99-120. doi: 10.1177/0192512100212001
Taylor, C. (1994). The Politics of Recognition. A. Gutmann (Ed.), Multiculturalism (pp. 25-74). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Teivainen, T. (2011). Global democratization without hierarchy or leadership? The World Social Forum in the capitalist world. In S. Gill (Ed.), Global Crises and the Crisis of Global Leadership, (pp. 181-198).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution. Osborne: McGraw Hill.
Torfing, J. (2005). Discourse Theory: Achievements,
Arguments, and Challenges. In J Torfing, & D. Howarth (Eds.), Discourse Theory in European Politics: identity, policy and governance (pp. 1-32). New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Walby, S. (1994). Is Citizenship Gendered?. Sociology, 28(2), 379-395. doi: 10.1177/003
8038594028002002
Warren, M. (1996). What should we Expect from More Democracy? Radically Democratic Responses to Politics. Political Theory, 24(2), 241-270.
Waylen, G. (1994). Women and Democratization.
World Politics, 45(3). 327-354.
Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the Politics of
Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Young, I. M. (2000). Inclusion and Democracy.
Oxford Oxford University Press.
The End of the Sexual Contract?. NORA- Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 16(3), 182-201. doi:10.1080/08038740802300954
Beer, C. (2009). Democracy and Gender Equality.
Studies in Comparative International Development, 44, 212-227. doi: 10.1007/s12116-009-9043-2
Beitz, C. (1990). Political Equality. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Bohman, J. (1996). Public Deliberation. Cambridge:
MIT Press.
Boucher, J. (2003). Male Power and Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke in Carole Pateman’s ‘The Sexual Contract’. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 36(1), 23-38.
Bryce, J. (1923). Modern Democracies. London: Macmillan & Co.
Cohen, J. (1989). Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy. In: A. Hamlin, & P. Pettit (Eds.), The Good Polity, (pp. 143-151). London: Blackwell.
Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice Toward Female Leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573-598.
Foucault, M. (1979). Discipline and Punishment. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Foucault, M. (1980). The History of Sexuality, vol. 1: An Introduction. London: Penguin.
Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. Critical Inquiry. 8(4), 777-795.
Foucault, M. (1997). Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. In: P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Essential Works of Michel Foucault (pp. 281-302). New York: The New Press.
Fuchs, G., & Hoecker, B. (2004). Without Women merely a Half-Democracy. European Politics. Recuperado de http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/02611.pdf.
Goffman, E. (1977). The Arrangement Between the Sexes. Theory and Society, 4(3), 301-331.
Goodin, R. E. (1966). Inclusion and Exclusion. European Journal of Sociology, 37(2), 343-371. doi: 10.1017/S0003975600007219
Haugaard, M. (2010). Democracy, political power, and authority. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 77(4), 1049-1074.
Haugaard, M. (2012). Power Over and Democracy: the four dimensions of power as a condition of possibility for democracy. Working Paper.
Honneth, A. (1995). The Struggle for Recognition. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Jónasdóttir, A. G. (1988). Does Sex Matter to Democracy?. Scandinavian Political Studies, 4, 299-322.
Keating, C. (2007). Framing the Postcolonial Sexual Contract: Democracy, Fraternalism, and State Authority in India. Hypatia, 22(4), 130-145.
Lemke, T. (2010). Foucault’s Hypothesis: From the Critique of the Juridico-Discursive Concept of Power to an Analytics of Government. Parrhesia, 9, 31-43.
Mansbridge, J. (1980). Beyond Adversary Democracy. New York: Basic Books.
March, J. G., & Olsen J. P. (2005). Elaborating the “New Institutionalism”. Working Paper. Recuperado de http://www.cpp.amu.edu.pl/pdf/olsen2.pdf
Noval, A. J. (2004). Hegemony after deconstruction:
the consequences of undecidability. Journal of Political Ideologies, 9(2), 139-157. doi:10.1080/13569310410001691187
Nussbaum, M. C. (1996). Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism. In: M. Nussbaum (Ed.). For love of Country? (pp. 3-20). Boston: Beacon Press Books.
Nussbaum, M. C. (1997). Capabilities and Human Rights. Fordham Law Review, 66(2), 273-300.
Orwell, G. (1948). 1984. Recuperado de http:// www.planetebook.com/ebooks/1984.pdf.
Osler, A., & Starkey, H. (2005). Changing Citizenship: Democracy and inclusion in education. New York: Open University Press.
Padgug, R. A. (1979). Sexual Matters: On Conceptualizing Sexuality In History. Radical History Review, 1979(20), 3-23. doi:10.1215/01636545-1979-20-3
Parijs, P. M. (1996). Justice and Democracy. Journal of Political Philosophy, 4(2), 101-117.
Pateman, C. (1983). Feminism and Democracy. In: G. Duncan (Ed.), Democratic Theory and Practice (pp. 204-2017). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pateman, C. (1985). Women and Democratic Citizenship. In: The Jefferson Memorial Lectures at the University of California. Berkley. Unpublished manuscript.
Pateman, C. (1988). The Sexual Contract. Stanford:
Stanford University Press.
Patomäki, H. (2008). The Political Economy of Global Security: War, future crises and changes in global governance. New York: Routledge.
Prokhovnik, R. (1998). Public and Private Citizenship: From Gender Invisibility to Feminist Inclusiveness. Feminist Review, 60, 84-104.
Rodríguez-Ruiz, B., & Rubio-Marin, R.M.
(2008). The gender of representation: On democracy, equality, and parity. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 6(2) 287-316. doi: 10.1093/icon/mon007
Rodríguez-Ruiz, B., & Rubio-Marin, R. (2009). Constitutional Justification of Parity Democracy. Alabama Law Review, 60(5), 1171-1195.
Rodríguez-Ruiz, B., & Rubio-Marin, R. (2010). La democracia como democracia paritaria. En: D. Heim, & Encarna Bodelón González (Ed.), Derecho Género Igualdad: Cambios en las Estructuras Jurídicas Androcéntricas (pp. 299-315). Barcelona: Grupo Antígona.
Rubio-Marín, R. (2012). A New European Parity-Democracy Sex Equality Model and why it won’t Fly in the United States. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 60(1), 99-126.
Schemiel, Y. (2000). Democracy Before Democracy?.
International Political Science Review, 21(2), 99-120. doi: 10.1177/0192512100212001
Taylor, C. (1994). The Politics of Recognition. A. Gutmann (Ed.), Multiculturalism (pp. 25-74). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Teivainen, T. (2011). Global democratization without hierarchy or leadership? The World Social Forum in the capitalist world. In S. Gill (Ed.), Global Crises and the Crisis of Global Leadership, (pp. 181-198).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution. Osborne: McGraw Hill.
Torfing, J. (2005). Discourse Theory: Achievements,
Arguments, and Challenges. In J Torfing, & D. Howarth (Eds.), Discourse Theory in European Politics: identity, policy and governance (pp. 1-32). New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Walby, S. (1994). Is Citizenship Gendered?. Sociology, 28(2), 379-395. doi: 10.1177/003
8038594028002002
Warren, M. (1996). What should we Expect from More Democracy? Radically Democratic Responses to Politics. Political Theory, 24(2), 241-270.
Waylen, G. (1994). Women and Democratization.
World Politics, 45(3). 327-354.
Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the Politics of
Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Young, I. M. (2000). Inclusion and Democracy.
Oxford Oxford University Press.
Una vez publicado, los derechos de impresión y reproducción son del Universidad Sergio Arboleda. Es potestativo del editor permitir la reproducción del artículo.
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