Keywords
firms performance
Liquidity
Firms size
Pandemic
Economic crisis
How to Cite
Abstract
La pandemia de coronavirus ha provocado alteraciones en las cadenas de producción mundiales. Por ello, resulta importante analizar el impacto de este fenómeno en las empresas de diferentes sectores económicos, especialmente en aquellos países con menor capacidad de respuesta ante la emergencia sanitaria. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el impacto de la pandemia de covid-19 sobre el desempeño de las empresas de cuatro países centroamericanos. Mediante el uso de datos longitudinales de la encuesta empresarial del Banco Mundial, se empleó un modelo de diferencias con el fin de estimar el impacto de este fenómeno global, considerando características tanto internas como externas. Los hallazgos muestran que las consecuencias económicas durante el período analizado de la pandemia es significativo, puesto que cerca de 2 % de las empresas cerraron permanentemente y 60 % de manera temporal. Las ventas totales y las ventas por empleado cayeron alrededor de 30 %, con resultados más adversos para las firmas que cerraron temporalmente debido a las restricciones impuestas. No obstante, la respuesta inmediata de los gobiernos por medio de créditos fiscales e incentivos ha permitido satisfacer las necesidades de liquidez a corto plazo de las compañías en los países analizados.
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